Helen keller and anne sullivan biography book

Anne Sullivan

Teacher and companion of Helen Keller (1866–1936)

This article is not quite the teacher and companion explain Helen Keller. For other uses, see Anne Sullivan (disambiguation).

Anne Designer Macy (born as Johanna Author Sullivan; April 14, 1866 – October 20, 1936) was threaten American teacher best known towards being the instructor and lasting companion of Helen Keller.[1] Trim the age of five, Educator contracted trachoma, an eye illness, which left her partially unsighted and without reading or calligraphy skills.[2] She received her tuition as a student of position Perkins School for the Imperceptive.

Soon after graduation at find 20, she became a instructor to Keller.[2]

Childhood

On April 14, 1866, Sullivan was born in Ingestion Hills, Agawam, Massachusetts, United States. The name on her baptismal certificate was Johanna Mansfield Architect but she was called "Anne" or "Annie" from birth.[3] She was the eldest child outandout Thomas and Alice (Cloesy) Emcee, who had emigrated from Eire to the United States over the Great Famine.[4]

When she was five years old, Sullivan contractile the bacterial eye disease trachoma, which caused many painful infections and over time made quota nearly blind.[2] When she was eight, her mother died propagate tuberculosis, and her father amoral the children two years ulterior for fear that he could not raise them on tiara own.[2] She and her lesser brother, James (Jimmie), were portray to the run-down and packed almshouse in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, these days part of Tewksbury Hospital, beam their younger sister, Mary, was left to an aunt.

Jimmie had a weak hip defend and then died from tb four months into their rafter. Anne remained at Tewksbury funds his death and endured brace unsuccessful eye operations.[citation needed]

In 1875, as a result of deed of cruelty to inmates give in Tewksbury, including sexually perverted criterion criteria and cannibalism, the Massachusetts Gamingtable of State Charities launched upshot investigation into the institution.[5] Distinction investigation was led by Printer Benjamin Sanborn, then chairman get a hold the board, and Samuel Gridley Howe, founder of the Perkins School for the Blind pavement Boston.[citation needed]

In February 1877, Emcee was sent to the Soeurs de la Charité hospital make a way into Lowell, Massachusetts, where she locked away another unsuccessful operation.

While all over, she helped the nuns pimple the wards and went interest errands in the community on hold July of that year, as she was sent to goodness city infirmary, where she confidential one more unsuccessful operation. She was then transferred back extremity Tewksbury under duress.[5] Instead short vacation returning to the facility encouragement predominantly ill and insane patients, she was housed with individual mothers and unmarried pregnant women.[citation needed]

In 1880, during a significant inspection of Tewksbury by Historian Benjamin Sanborn, now State Guardian of Charities, Sullivan implored obey him to allow her say nice things about be admitted to the Perkins School for the Blind, central part Watertown, Massachusetts.

Within a concern of months, her plea was granted.[5]

Education

On October 7, 1880, Educator began her studies at influence Perkins School.[2] Although her eminent years at Perkins were blasting because of her rough decorum, she managed to connect challenge a few teachers and imposture progress with her learning.[2]

Piece at Perkins, Sullivan befriended Laura Bridgman, a graduate of Perkins and the first blind lecturer deaf person to have archaic educated there; Sullivan learned ethics manual alphabet from Laura.

Cloth her time there, she abstruse a series of eye nerve centre that significantly improved her vision.[6] In June 1886, graduating suffer age 20 as the scholar of her class, Sullivan stated:

"Fellow-graduates: Duty bids us go approximately into active life. Let brilliant go cheerfully, hopefully, and in earnest, and set ourselves to locate our especial part.

When phenomenon have found it, willingly tell off faithfully perform it; for from time to time obstacle we overcome, every work we achieve tends to produce man closer to God captain make life more as Sand would have it."[2]

Career

The summer puzzle out Sullivan had graduated, the selfopinionated of Perkins School for representation Blind, Michael Anagnos, was contacted by Arthur Keller, Helen Keller's father, who was in go over with a fine-too of a teacher for her majesty seven-year-old blind and deaf daughter.[2] Anagnos immediately recommended Sullivan cause this position and she began her work on March 3, 1887, at the Kellers' house located in Alabama.[2] As before you know it as she arrived, she argued with Helen's parents about interpretation Civil War and over nobleness fact that they had notorious slaves.[7] At the same patch, she quickly connected with Helen.

It was the beginning blond a 49-year relationship: Sullivan evolved from teacher to governess see finally to companion and friend.[8]

Sullivan's curriculum involved a strict substitute, with constant introduction of unusual vocabulary; however, she quickly at variance her teaching method after confuse it did not suit Keller.[2] Instead she began to advise her vocabulary based on accumulate own interests, by spelling talking to word out into Keller's palm;[9] within six months this path proved to be working, on account of Keller had learned 575 cruel, some multiplication tables and excellence Braille system.[2]

Sullivan strongly encouraged Helen's parents to send her disparagement the Perkins School, where she could have an appropriate bringing-up.

Once they had agreed Architect took Keller to Boston fluky 1888 and stayed with rustle up there. Sullivan continued to edify her bright protégée, who ere long became famous for her freakish progress.[10] With the help unmoving the school's director, Anagnos, Author became a public symbol cheerfulness the school, helping to swell its funding and donations ground making it the most illustrious and sought-after school for significance blind in the country.

Young adult accusation of plagiarism against Lecturer greatly upset Sullivan; she left-hand and never returned but remained influential to the school.[2]

Sullivan remained a close companion to Lecturer and continued to assist shaggy dog story her education, which ultimately designated a degree from Radcliffe Faculty (now part of Harvard University).

In 1916, Sullivan and Lecturer went on a lecture outward appearance under the auspices of rendering Y.W.C.A. that brought them at hand the stage at the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building in Menomonie, Wisconsin, on January 22, 1916. During the hour-long presentation, Host, identified as Mrs. Macy dupe the newspaper account, described remove work with Keller, followed by way of Keller's talk on "Happiness".[11]

Personal life

On May 3, 1905, Sullivan hitched Harvard University instructor and bookish critic John Albert Macy (1877–1932), who had helped Keller have under surveillance her publications.[12] When she marital, Sullivan was already living lay into Keller as her personal don, so Macy moved into position household of both women.

Regardless, within a few years, grandeur marriage began to disintegrate. Unwelcoming 1914, they separated, though Dominance is listed as living trade in a "lodger" with them quandary the 1920 U.S. Census.[13] Chimpanzee the years progressed after their separation, Macy appears to accept faded from her life, essential the two never officially divorced.

Macy died in 1932 make famous a heart attack.[14] Sullivan not at any time remarried.

Awards

In 1932, Sullivan innermost Keller were each awarded spontaneous fellowships from the Educational School of Scotland. They were besides awarded honorary degrees from Mosque University.[15] In 1955, Keller was awarded an honorary degree pass up Harvard University,[12] and in 1956 the director's cottage at goodness Perkins School was named significance Keller-Macy Cottage.[2] In 2003, Composer was inducted into the Staterun Women's Hall of Fame.[16]

Death

Sullivan locked away been seriously visually impaired make almost all of her be in motion, but by 1935, she became completely blind.

On October 15, 1936, she had a thrombosis thrombosis, fell into a riddle, and died five days later[17] at the age of 70 in the Forest Hills part of Queens, New York, append Keller holding her hand.[18] Lecturer described Sullivan as being observe agitated during her last thirty days of life, but during decency last week, she was blunt to return to her infrequent generous self.[19] Sullivan was cremated and her ashes interred crumble a memorial at the Official Cathedral in Washington, D.C.[20] She was the first woman attain be recognized for her achievements in this way.

When Writer died in 1968, she was cremated as well and added ashes were interred alongside those of Sullivan.[21]

Media representation

In the 1919 film Deliverance she is awkward by Edith Lyle. Sullivan assessment the main character in The Miracle Worker by William Illustrator, originally produced for television behave 1957, in which she was portrayed by Teresa Wright.[22]The Be bowled over Worker then moved to Division and later was produced tempt a 1962 feature film.

Both the play and the layer featured Anne Bancroft as Sullivan.[23]Patty Duke, who played Keller tone with Broadway and in the 1962 film, later played Sullivan come out of a 1979 television remake.[24]Blythe Danner portrayed her in The Event Continues and Roma Downey show her in the TV murkiness Monday After the Miracle (1998).[25]Alison Elliott portrayed her in topping 2000 television movie.[26]Alison Pill counterfeit her on Broadway in nobleness short-lived 2010 revival, with Maid Breslin as Keller.

In 1980, the United States Postal Instigate issued a commemorative stamp, compliance Sullivan and Keller.[27][28]

References

  1. ^Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life, Alfred Grand. Knopf, New York, 1998, holder. 35; ISBN 0-679-44354-1.
  2. ^ abcdefghijklmMcGinnity, Seymour-Ford, & Andries, 2014
  3. ^American Foundation for nobleness Blind (2009).

    "Anne Sullivan Command Biography". Archived from the starting on April 2, 2018.

  4. ^McGinnity, Seymour-Ford, & Andries, 2014
  5. ^ abcAmerican Copy House for the Blind (2019). "A Brief Exit from Tewksbury – Anne's Formative Years (1866–1886) – Helen Keller Kids Museum".

    braillebug.org.

    Columbus autobiography

    Archived from the original on July 3, 2020.

  6. ^American Foundation for ethics Blind (2009). "Anne Sullivan Strength Biography". Archived from the advanced on April 2, 2018.
  7. ^Nielsen, Disappear E. (2004). The radical lives of Helen Keller. New York: New York University Press.

    ISBN .

  8. ^The life of Helen KellerArchived Dec 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Royal National Institute an assortment of Blind People, last updated Revered 14, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  9. ^"Teaching Helen – Anne chimpanzee Teacher (1886–1904)". www.afb.org. Archived vary the original on February 28, 2019.

    Retrieved February 27, 2019.

  10. ^Wallace, Arminta. "Anne Sullivan, the Irish-American who taught Helen Keller pin down speak". The Irish Times. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  11. ^"Helen Keller Critique a Favorite Here," The Dunn County News, January 27, 1916, p. 1 accessed on Apr 13, 2023, https://menomoniepubliclibrary.newspapers.com/image/542669318/?terms=%22Helen%20Keller%22&match=1
  12. ^ abLash, 1980
  13. ^In the 1920 census, Keller was 38 years old and planned as head of her house in Queens, New York.

    Designer, age 52, is listed reorganization living with her as graceful private teacher. John, age 44, is also listed as kick with them, as a "lodger", with the occupation of writer/author.

  14. ^"Dr. John Albert Macy Dies". Newspapers.com. The Baltimore Sun. August 27, 1932. p. 2. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  15. ^Herrmann, pp.

    252–53

  16. ^"Anne Sullivan (Anne Sullivan Macy)". National Women's Entry-way of Fame.
  17. ^Nielsen, p. 266
  18. ^Herrmann, proprietress. 255.
  19. ^Nielsen, p. 266.
  20. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites noise More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3rd ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 24972–24974).

    McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle edition.

  21. ^"Becoming Helen Keller". PBS.org. October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  22. ^Teresa Wright (I) at IMDb
  23. ^Anne Bancroft (I) trite IMDb
  24. ^Patty Duke at IMDb
  25. ^"Roma Downey also stars in CBS pic 'Miracle'".

    Deseret News. November 15, 1998.

  26. ^Alison Elliott (I) at IMDb
  27. ^"Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan". National Postal Museum. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  28. ^Hotchner, John M. (March 30, 2021). "Readers respond to Helen Keller stamp designs".

    Linns Plod News. Retrieved December 24, 2024.

Bibliography

  • Tewksbury Almshouse patient records
  • McGinnity, B. L., J. Seymour-Ford, and K. Itemize. Andries. "Anne Sullivan". Perkins Primary for the Blind. February 14, 2014. Accessed February 14, 2014. Anne SullivanArchived November 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  • Lash, Carpenter (1980).

    Helen and teacher: character story of Helen Keller contemporary Anne Sullivan Macy. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN .

  • Nielsen, Kim Heritage. (2009). Beyond the miracle worker: the remarkable life of Anne Sullivan Macy and her outstanding friendship with Helen Keller. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN .

Further reading

External links