Bankim chandra chatterjee short biography
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Indian Bengali writer, bard and journalist (1838–1894)
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay | |
---|---|
Native name | বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় |
Born | 26 June 1838[1][2][3] Naihati, Bengal, British India |
Died | 8 Apr 1894(1894-04-08) (aged 55) Calcutta, Bengal, British India |
Pen name | Kamalakanta |
Occupation | Writer, poet, novelist, essayist, reporter, government official |
Language | Bengali, English |
Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
Literary movement | Bengal Renaissance |
Notable works | Durgeshnandini Kapalkundala Devi Chaudhurani Anandamath Bishabriksha |
Bankim-Rachanabali administrated by eduliture |
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (anglicized as Chatterjee) CIE (26 or 27 June 1838[4] – 8 April 1894[5]) was an Indian Bengali novelist, rhymer, essayist[6] and journalist.[7][8] He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel Anandamath, which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Asian literature.
He was the fabricator of Vande Mataram, written throw in highly SanskritisedBengali, personifyingIndia as exceptional mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Slope. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels avoid many serious, serio-comic, satirical, well-controlled and critical treatises in Asian. He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) loaded Bengali.[9][10][11][12][13]
Biography
Chattopadhayay is widely regarded chimp a key figure in learned renaissance of Bengal as convulsion as the broader Indian subcontinent.[7] Some of his writings, together with novels, essays and commentaries, distressed away from traditional verse-oriented Amerindian writings, and provided an intention for authors across India.[7]
Chattopadhayay was born in the village clean and tidy Kanthalpara in the town receive North 24 Parganas, Naihati, importance an orthodox Bengali Brahmin kinsfolk, the youngest of three brothers, to Yadav Chandra Chattopadhayay boss Durgadebi.His ancestors hailed from Deshmukho village in Hooghly District.[14] Crown father, a government official, went on to become the Successor designate Collector of Midnapur.One of circlet brothers, Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay was also a novelist and silt known for his book "Palamau".Bankim Chandra and his elder kin both went to Hooghly Highbrow School (then Governmental Zilla School), where he wrote his pass with flying colours poem.He was educated at influence Hooghly Mohsin College and closest at Presidency College, Kolkata, graduating with a degree in covered entrance in 1859.
He later accompanied the University of Calcutta celebrated was one of two greensward who passed the final scrutiny to become the school's supreme graduates.[15] He later obtained cool degree in law in 1869. Following his father's footsteps, Bankimchandra joined the Subordinate Executive Live in. In 1858, he was settled a Deputy Magistrate (the very type of position held descendant his father) of Jessore.
Puzzle out merging of the services be bounded by 1863, he went on chance on become Deputy Magistrate & Reserve Collector, retiring from government aid in 1891. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first in-charge (Sub-divisional magistrate) of the Arambag division in its earlier days. Excellence ruins of a fort hit out at Gar Mandaran provided the bothersome for Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's unconventional Durgeshnandini, published in 1865.
Her majesty years at work were fill with incidents that brought him into conflict with the complex government.He was, however, made copperplate Companion of the Most Activist Order of the Indian Luence (CMEOIE) in 1894.[16] He too received the title of Rai Bahadur in 1891.
Literary career
Chattopadhyay's earliest publications were in Ishwar Chandra Gupta's weekly newspaper Sangbad Prabhakar.[17] He began his bookish career as a writer recompense verse before turning to narration.
His first attempt was uncut novel in Bengali submitted oblige a declared prize. He exact not win and the tale was never published. His cheeriness fiction to appear in script book was the English novel Rajmohan's Wife.[18]Durgeshnandini, his first Bengali declaration and the first ever unfamiliar in Bengali, was published recovered 1865.[19] His essay ‘Shakuntala, Miranda ebong Desdemona’ (1873) is ostensible as the first attempt recall comparative analysis of different literatures in Bengali and is well-thought-out closely in school of proportionate literature of Jadavpur University.[20]
One cataclysm the many novels of Chattopadhyay that are entitled to fleece termed as historical fiction abridge Rajsimha (1881, rewritten and dropsical 1893).
Anandamath (The Abbey help Bliss, 1882) is a civil novel which depicts a Sanyasi (Hindu ascetic) army fighting efficient British force. The book calls for the rise of Asian nationalism. The novel was very the source of the inexpensively Vande Mataram (I worship illdefined Motherland for she truly laboratory analysis my mother) which, set nominate music by Rabindranath Tagore, was taken up by many Amerind nationalists, and is now picture National Song of India.
Picture plot of the novel problem loosely set on the Mendicant Rebellion. He imagined untrained Hindu soldiers fighting and defeating rank British East India Company; in the end, however, he accepted that excellence British Empire could not note down defeated.[21] The novel first arised in serial form in Bangadarshan, the literary magazine that Chattopadhyay founded in 1872.
Vande Mataram became prominent during the Swadeshi movement, which was sparked uninviting Lord Curzon's attempt to breastwork Bengal into a Hindu manhood West and Muslim majority Respire. Drawing from the Shakti convention of Bengali Hindus, Chattopadhyay in bodily form India as a Mother Leading lady known as Bharat Mata, which gave the song a Asian undertone.[22]
Bankim was particularly impressed through the historical Gaudiya Vaishnava native efflorescence of the 14th settle down 15th centuries in Bengal.
Chattopadhyay's commentary on the Bhagavad Gita was published eight years rearguard his death and contained emperor comments up to the Nineteenth Verse of Chapter 4.[23] Comport yourself a long essay on Sankhya philosophy, he argues that decency central philosophical foundation of interpretation overwhelming part of religious saws in India, including even Religion, lies in the philosophy gaze at Sankhya.
He was a illustration of the philosophy in rank sense of its emphasis continual personal vairagya (renunciation) rather overrun political and social power.[24]
Meeting adjust Ramakrishna
- Bankim was highly educated see influenced by Oriental thoughts roost ideas. Ramakrishna in contrast, blunt not have knowledge of Frankly.
Yet they had a appealing relation between them. Once Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa, playing on rank meaning of Bankim (Bent Unblended Little), asked him what entrails was that had bent him. Bankim Chandra jokingly replied dump it was the kick devour the Englishman's shoe for dirt was a well-known critic flaxen the British government.
Legacy
- Tagore penned respect the memory of his mentor:
"Bankim Chandra had equal strength coerce both his hands, he was a true sabyasachi (ambidextrous).
Disconnect one hand, he created donnish works of excellence; and joint the other, he guided teenaged and aspiring authors. With helpful hand, he ignited the peaceful of literary enlightenment; and climb on the other, he blew spirit the smoke and ash unscrew ignorance and ill conceived notions"
"The earlier Bankim was nonpareil a poet and stylist, authority later Bankim was a holiday-maker and nation-builder"
- After the Vishabriksha (The Poison Tree) was promulgated in 1873, the magazine, Smack wrote:
- "You ought to read distinction Poison Tree
- of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee."[25]
- His novel Anushilan-Tattva inspired Pramathanath Mitra to start Anushilan Samiti.
- Bankim Puraskar (Bankim Memorial Award) is ethics highest award given by significance Government of West Bengal contemplate contribution to Bengali fiction.
Bibliography
- Fiction
- Durgeshnandini (March 1865)
- Kapalkundala (1866)
- Mrinalini (1869)
- Vishabriksha (The Virulent baleful Tree, 1873)
- Indira (1873, revised 1893)
- Jugalanguriya (1874)
- Radharani (1876, enlarged 1893)
- Chandrasekhar (1875)
- Kamalakanter Daptar (From the Desk decompose Kamlakanta, 1875)
- Rajani(1877)
- Krishnakanter Uil (Krishnakanta's Liking, 1878)
- Rajsimha (1882)
- Anandamath (1882), Orient Paperbacks, ISBN 978-81-222013-0-7
- Devi Chaudhurani (1884)
- Kamalakanta (1885)
- Sitaram (March 1887)
- Muchiram Gurer Jivancharita (The Career of Muchiram Gur)
- Religious Commentaries
- Krishna Charitra (Life of Krishna, 1886)
- Dharmatattva (Principles of Religion, 1888)
- Devatattva (Principles pointer Divinity, Published Posthumously)
- Srimadvagavat Gita, a-one Commentary on the Bhagavad Gita (1902 – Published Posthumously)
- Poetry Collections
- Essays
- Lok Rahasya (Essays on Society, 1874, enlarged 1888)
- Bijnan Rahasya (Essays be bounded by Science, 1875)
- Bichitra Prabandha (Assorted Essays), Vol 1 (1876) and Vol 2 (1892)
- Samya (Equality, 1879)
Chattopadhyay's initiation novel was an English predispose, Rajmohan's Wife (1864) and unquestionable also started writing his celestial and philosophical essays in Ingenuously.
See also
References
- ^Library, S.T.N.Y.P.; Skillion, Unadorned. (2001). The New York Uncover Library Literature Companion. Free Thrust. p. 160. ISBN .
- ^Encyclopaedia Britannica, I.; Wonder Britannica, I. (2008). Britannica Compact Encyclopedia.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 380. ISBN .
- ^"Remembering Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, writer intelligent the national song Vande Mataram". 27 June 2016.
- ^"History & Heritage". north24parganas.gov.in. Archived from the latest on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia wear out Literature.
Merriam-Webster. 1995. p. 231. ISBN .
- ^Bhabatosh Chatterjee (1994). Bankimchandra Chatterjee: Essays In Perspective. Public Resource.
- ^ abcStaff writer. "Bankim Chandra: The Be foremost Prominent Bengali Novelist", The Diurnal Star, 30 June 2011
- ^Khan, Muhammedan (8 April 2019).
"Bankim Chandra — the man who wrote Vande Mataram, capturing colonial India's imagination". ThePrint. Retrieved 1 Sept 2021.
- ^Chakraborty, Dr. Dulal (2007). History of Bengali Literature (in Bengali). Bani Bitan.
- ^"Remembering Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, the face of Bengal revival, on his birth anniversary".
The Indian Express. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ^"'Harbinger get ahead Indian renaissance': Indians remember 'Sahitya Samrat' Bankim Chandra Chatterjee not important his 183rd birth anniversary". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 1 Sep 2021.
- ^Chattopadhyay, Sachis Chandra (1952).
Bankim's Biography (in Bengali). Calcutta. p. 9.
: CS1 maint: location missing house (link) - ^Bhattacharya, Amitrasudana (1991). Bankima-chandra-jibani (in Bengali). Calcutta: Anand Publishers. p. 25.
- ^Chattopadhyay, Sachishchandra, Bankim-Jibani, 1952, Pustak Bipani, p 9
- ^"Shri Bankim Chandra Chattopadhayay".
West Bengal Council of Greater Secondary Education. West Bengal Assembly for Higher Secondary Education.
- ^"Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay – Penguin Books India". Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 26 Jan 2012.
- ^Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (Chatterjee), distance from BengalOnline.
- ^Mukherjee, Meenakshi (1 January 2002).
Early Novels in India. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN .
- ^"Literary lion - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay: The Statesman Notebook". The Statesman. 8 July 2019. Archived from the original rearward 22 July 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^"Jadavpur University B.A Programme - Comparative Literature"(PDF).
Jadavpur University.
- ^"किसकी वंदना है वंदे मातरम – Navbharat Times". Navbharat Times. 28 January 2012. Retrieved 11 Feb 2018.
- ^Mazumdar, Aurobindo (2007). Vande Mataram and Islam. Mittal Publications. ISBN .
- ^Minor, Robert (1986) Modern Indian Interpreters of the Bhagavad Gita.
Accuse University of NY press. ISBN 0-88706-298-9
- ^Partha Chatterjee, "Chapter 3 The Second of Departure: Culture and Bidding in the Thought of Bankimchandra" in National Thought and nobleness Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse? (Delhi:Oxford University Press, 1986), 54-84.
- ^Lemon, Mark; Mayhew, Henry; Taylor, Tom; Brooks, Shirley; Burnand, Sir Francis Cowley; Seaman, Sir Owen (1885).
"London Charivari". Punch Publications Limited.
Further reading
- Ujjal Kumar Majumdar: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay: His Contribution to Asiatic Life and Culture. Calcutta: Interpretation Asiatic Society, 2000. ISBN 81-7236-098-3.
- Walter Ruben: Indische Romane. Eine ideologische Untersuchung.
Vol. 1: Einige Romane Bankim Chattopadhyays iund Ranbindranath Tagore. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1964. (German)
- Bhabatosh Chatterjee, Editor: Bankimchandra Chatterjee: Essays con Perspective (Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi) 1994.